Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important process among bacteria to increase genetic diversity and thereby survival in ever changing environmental conditions. Mechanisms of HGT, such as transformation, conjugation and transduction, result in the sharing of genes among bacteria that can have medically important consequences, such as the development of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. While the concept of HGT is relatively straight-forward, generalized and specialized transduction can be confusing processes for microbiology students. In this novel, hands-on activity, participants will play the role of student by organizing pre-printed cards into a concept map that depicts how the life cycle steps of virulent and temperate bacteriophages can lead to generalized and/or specialized transduction. Content in this activity aligns with Fundamental Statements 2, 3, 10, 11, 14, 19, and 1f of Part II Scientific Thinking and Laboratory Skills of the ASM Core Curriculum Guidelines.
